The main Excel VBA Conditional Statements are the If ... Then statement and the Select Case statement. Both of these evaluate one or more conditions and, depending on the result, execute specific sections of code.
The two Conditional Statement types are discussed individually below.
The If ... Then statement tests a condition and if it evaluates to True, executes a specific section of code. If the condition evaluates to False, a different section of code is executed.
The syntax of the If ... Then statement is:
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If Condition1 Then
Code to be executed if Condition1 evaluates to True
ElseIf Condition2 Then
Code to be executed if Condition2 evaluates to True
Else
.
. .
Code to be executed if none of the previous conditions evaluate to True
End If
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In the above If statement, you can add as many ElseIf conditions as you require. Alternatively, the ElseIf and the Else parts of the conditional statement can be omitted if desired.
In the example below, an If ... Then statement is used to color the current active cell, depending on the value of the cell contents.
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If ActiveCell.Value < 5 Then
ActiveCell.Interior.Color = 65280 ' Color cell interior green
ElseIf ActiveCell.Value < 10 Then
ActiveCell.Interior.Color = 49407 ' Color cell interior orange
Else
ActiveCell.Interior.Color = 255 ' Color cell interior red
End If
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Note that, in the above example, the If statement stops once it has satisfied a condition. Therefore, if the ActiveCell value is less than 5, the first condition is satisfied and so the cell is colored green. The If ... Then statement is then exited, without testing any further conditions.
For further information on the VBA If ... Then statement, see the Microsoft Developer Network website.
The Select Case statement is similar to the If ... Then statement, in that it tests an expression, and executes different sections of code, depending on the value of the expression.
The syntax of the Select Case statement is:
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Select Case Expression
Case Value1
End Select
Actions if Expression matches Value1
Case Value2
Actions if Expression matches Value2
Case Else
.
. .
Actions if expression does not match any of listed cases
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In the above code, the Case Else part of the conditional statement is optional.
In the following example, the Select Case statement is used to color the current active cell, depending on the value of the cell contents:
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Select Case ActiveCell.Value
Case Is <= 5
End Select
ActiveCell.Interior.Color = 65280 ' Color cell interior green
Case 6, 7, 8, 9
ActiveCell.Interior.Color = 49407 ' Color cell interior orange
Case 10
ActiveCell.Interior.Color = 65535 ' Color cell interior yellow
Case Else
ActiveCell.Interior.Color = 255 ' Color cell interior red
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The above example illustrates different ways of defining the different Cases in the Select Case statement. These are:
| Case Is <= 5 | This is an example of how you can test if your expression satisfies a condition such as <= 5 by using the keyword Case Is |
| Case 6, 7, 8, 9 | This is an example of how you can test if your expression evaluates to any one of several values, by separating the possible values by commas |
| Case 10 | This is an example of the basic test of whether your expression evaluates to a specific value |
| Case Else | This is an example of the 'Else' condition, which is executed if your expression hasn't matched any of the previous cases |
Note that as soon as one case in the Select Case statement is matched, and the corresponding code executed, the whole Select Case statement is exited. Therefore, the code will never enter more than one of the listed cases.
For further information on the VBA Select Case statement, see the Microsoft Developer Network website.